Codes

NewtonScript is a programming language developed by Apple Computer in the early 1990s for its Newton platform, a series of personal digital assistants (PDAs). The language was created by Walter Smith with the aim of providing a highly flexible and dynamic scripting environment tailored to the resource-constrained Newton devices.

Nial (Nested Interactive Array Language) is an array programming language developed by Mike Jenkins in the early 1980s at Queen's University, Canada. It was designed to combine the advantages of both procedural and functional programming while emphasizing the manipulation of arrays and nested data structures. Its development aimed to make the language a powerful tool for interactive problem-solving and data analysis, taking inspiration from earlier languages like APL and Lisp.

NATURAL is a fourth-generation programming language (4GL) developed by Software AG in 1979. It was designed to streamline the development of business applications and make them more accessible for non-technical users. The language is particularly well-suited for database applications, especially when used in conjunction with Adabas, a high-performance database management system also developed by Software AG.

Neko is a lightweight, high-level virtual machine and programming language, created by Nicolas Cannasse in 2005. Initially developed as a target language for Haxe, Neko has since evolved into a versatile tool for scripting, rapid prototyping, and embedding within other applications. It was designed to be simple and efficient, making it ideal for small programs or extensions where more extensive languages like C or Java might be overkill.

Nim is a statically-typed, compiled programming language designed to offer performance similar to C, while providing the expressiveness of modern high-level languages. It was created by Andreas Rumpf in 2008. Nim was born from the desire to create a language that balances efficiency, ease of use, and flexibility, combining the best elements of languages like Python, Lisp, and C.

MUMPS, or Massachusetts General Hospital Utility Multi-Programming System, is a programming language designed primarily for the healthcare sector, emphasizing data management and storage. Developed in the 1960s at the Massachusetts General Hospital, MUMPS was created by Octo Barnett, G. R. (Griff) Koller, and Roger W. Smith as a solution to the challenges of managing medical records and patient data.

Mercury is a high-level logic programming language designed for real-world applications, particularly those that require efficiency, reliability, and maintainability. Developed by Zoltan Somogyi, Robert G. McK. McKinnon, and Peter M. E. H. H. M. van der Linden in the 1990s, Mercury is named after the Roman god of messages, symbolizing its capability to handle logical reasoning and knowledge representation effectively.

Maple is a symbolic computation and algebra system developed by Maplesoft, originally created in the early 1980s by a group of mathematicians at the University of Waterloo, including G. W. (Bill) MacDonald, Michael Monagan, and Carl de Boor. Initially conceived as a tool for symbolic mathematics, Maple has evolved into a powerful environment for mathematical computation, analysis, and visualization.

ML (Meta Language) is a functional programming language that originated in the early 1970s at the University of Edinburgh, developed by Robin Milner and his colleagues as a part of their work on the Edinburgh LCF (Logic for Computable Functions) theorem proving system. The name Meta Language reflects its initial purpose: to provide a language for writing proof tactics in the LCF system. However, its capabilities quickly expanded beyond theorem proving, leading to its recognition as a general-purpose programming language.

Modula-2 is a procedural programming language developed in the late 1970s by Niklaus Wirth, a prominent figure in computer science and the creator of several influential programming languages, including Pascal. The design of Modula-2 was influenced by the experiences Wirth gained while developing Pascal, and it aimed to extend Pascal's capabilities by incorporating features that support modular programming, which is essential for managing large software systems.