Measurement

/ˈleɪ.tən.si/

noun — "the wait time between asking and getting."

Latency is the amount of time it takes for data to travel from a source to a destination across a network. It measures delay rather than capacity, and directly affects how responsive applications feel, especially in real-time systems such as voice, video, and interactive services.

/ˈbænd.wɪdθ/

noun — "the pipeline width that determines how much data can flow."

/ækˈsɛl.əˌrɒm.ɪ.tər/

noun — "the sensor that measures motion and tilt."

Accelerometer is a sensor that measures acceleration forces acting on an object, including both dynamic forces from motion and static forces like gravity. These measurements are used to determine velocity changes, orientation, vibration, and tilt in devices ranging from smartphones to inertial navigation systems. Accelerometers are fundamental components in robotics, aerospace, consumer electronics, and automotive safety systems.

/ˈdʒaɪrəˌskoʊp/

noun — "sensing rotation so you know which way is up."

Gyroscope is a sensor or mechanical device that measures or maintains orientation and angular velocity based on the principles of angular momentum. In modern electronics, gyroscopes are primarily used in inertial navigation systems, robotics, smartphones, drones, and other platforms that require accurate motion detection without reliance on external references like GPS. They provide critical data for maintaining stability, tracking rotation, and enabling precise control in dynamic environments.

/ˌɑːr ˈɛf/

noun — "the spectrum of electromagnetic waves used for wireless communication."

/aɪ ɛm ˈjuː/

noun — "a sensor system that measures motion, orientation, and acceleration."

/ˈæm·plɪˌtud/

noun — "the maximum extent of a signal’s variation from its baseline."

/bɪt ˈɛrər reɪt/

noun … “the fraction of transmitted bits that are received incorrectly.”

/ˌsɪɡnəl tuː nɔɪz ˈreɪʃi.oʊ/

noun … “how clearly a signal stands out from background noise.”

/ˈfriːkwənsi/

noun … “how often a wave repeats in a unit of time.”

Electromagnetic Waves, Sound Waves, and signals in digital or analog electronics. Frequency determines key characteristics such as pitch in audio, color in light, and propagation behavior in radio and communication systems.

Clock Signals, determining the speed at which a CPU executes instructions or how data streams are synchronized.