Narrowband FM
/ˈnær·oʊˌbænd ɛf ˈɛm/
noun — "frequency modulation with small deviations for efficient spectrum use."
Carson’s Rule
/ˈkɑːrsənz rul/
noun — "a formula to estimate the bandwidth of a frequency-modulated signal."
Wideband FM
/ˈwaɪdˌbænd ɛf ˈɛm/
noun — "frequency modulation with a wide signal deviation for high-fidelity transmission."
Frequency Modulation
/ˌɛf ˈɛm/
noun … “hiding information in the twists of a wave’s frequency.”
Quadrature Phase Shift Keying
/ˌkjuː piː ɛs keɪ/
noun … “quadrature phase shift keying.”
QPSK is a digital modulation technique that encodes two bits per symbol by varying the phase of a carrier wave among four discrete states, typically 0°, 90°, 180°, and 270°. By using four phases instead of the two in BPSK, QPSK doubles the data rate for the same bandwidth while maintaining robustness to noise and interference.
Binary Phase Shift Keying
/ˌbiː piː ɛs keɪ/
noun … “binary phase shift keying.”
BPSK is a digital modulation technique that encodes binary data by shifting the phase of a carrier wave between two discrete states. Each state represents one bit … typically a phase of 0 degrees for binary 1 and 180 degrees for binary 0. Because only two phases are used, BPSK is conceptually simple, mathematically elegant, and exceptionally robust in noisy environments.
Phase Shift Keying
/ˌpiː ɛs ˈkeɪ/
n. "Carrier phase modulation encoding bits via discrete phase states unlike GFSK frequency modulation."