/ˈaɪ-dʒiː-piː-juː/
n. “A graphics processor built directly into the CPU or system-on-chip.”
iGPU, short for integrated Graphics Processing Unit, refers to a graphics processor that is embedded within a CPU or system-on-chip rather than existing as a separate, dedicated graphics card. Unlike discrete GPUs, an iGPU shares system resources such as memory and power with the CPU.
The primary goal of an iGPU is efficiency. By integrating graphics processing directly into the processor package, systems can reduce cost, power consumption, heat output, and physical size while still providing capable graphical performance for everyday tasks.
Modern iGPUs are far more than simple display adapters. They support hardware-accelerated video decoding, 3D rendering, multi-monitor output, and even light gaming or compute workloads. In many laptops, desktops, and mobile devices, the iGPU handles all graphics duties without the need for a discrete GPU.
Key characteristics of iGPU include:
- On-Die Integration: Located on the same silicon as the CPU or within the same package.
- Shared Memory: Uses system RAM instead of dedicated video memory.
- Low Power Usage: Optimized for efficiency and battery life.
- Hardware Acceleration: Supports video codecs, display pipelines, and basic 3D acceleration.
- Cost Effective: Eliminates the need for a separate graphics card.
Conceptual example of iGPU behavior:
// Conceptual iGPU usage
CPU executes application logic
iGPU renders UI and video frames
System RAM shared between CPU and iGPU
Display output driven directly from processorConceptually, an iGPU is like a multitool built into the CPU. It may not match the raw power of specialized equipment, but it handles common tasks efficiently, quietly, and without extra complexity.
In essence, iGPU technology enables compact, energy-efficient systems by providing integrated graphics capabilities that are sufficient for productivity, media consumption, and general-purpose computing without dedicated graphics hardware.