| ḥ | j | th | t | b | a |
| s | z | r | dh | d | kh |
| ' | ẓ | ṭ | ḍ | ṣ | sh |
| m | l | k | q | f | gh |
| 2 | ' | y | h | n |
The Arabic alphabet, also known as the Abjad is an ancient and highly regarded script with a fascinating history dating back to the 4th century CE. It emerged in the Arabian Peninsula and is believed to be a modified form of the Nabataean script, which was used by the ancient Nabateans in present-day Jordan. The development of Arabic script is closely intertwined with the rise of Islam, as it became the script of the Quran, the holy book of Islam. As Islam spread across the Middle East and beyond, so did the Arabic script, leaving a profound impact on the region's cultural, linguistic, and artistic heritage.
The Arabic alphabet is the writing system used to represent the Arabic language, which serves as the sacred language of Islam and the official language in more than 20 countries. Comprising 28 letters, Arabic is written from right to left, offering a distinct and visually striking appearance compared to other scripts. Each letter represents a consonant, and vowel sounds are indicated by diacritical marks called harakat.
Besides its religious significance, the Arabic alphabet has played a crucial role in preserving a vast wealth of knowledge, from ancient literature and poetry to scientific, philosophical, and medical texts during the Islamic Golden Age. Arabic calligraphy, an art form known for its elegance and beauty, has been utilized to adorn mosques, manuscripts, and architectural structures, reflecting the cultural and aesthetic value of the script.
Furthermore, the Arabic alphabet is utilized in contemporary communication, education, literature, and media in Arab-speaking nations. It serves as a unifying factor among diverse Arab communities, allowing people from different regions to communicate effectively.
The Arabic script also plays a role in representing other languages, such as Persian, Urdu, and Kurdish, as well as ancient inscriptions on historical artifacts, highlighting its enduring influence throughout history.
In conclusion, the Arabic alphabet is an ancient and eloquent script with roots in the Arabian Peninsula. Its profound impact on language, religion, literature, and art has made it an essential element of Middle Eastern culture and identity. As a symbol of Islamic heritage and cultural richness, the Arabic script continues to inspire and captivate people worldwide.