/ˈraʊ.tər/
noun — "the traffic director of a network."
Router is a network device that forwards data packets between computer networks, determining the optimal path for information to travel from a source to a destination. It connects different networks such as LANs, WANs, and the Internet Protocol, managing traffic efficiently to prevent congestion and ensure reliable communication.
Technically, a Router examines the destination IP address of incoming packets, consults its routing table, and forwards them to the appropriate next-hop device. Routers support protocols like OSPF, BGP, and static routing, and may include features such as NAT, VPN, firewalling, and QoS to enhance performance and security.
Key characteristics of Routers include:
- Packet forwarding: moves data between networks based on IP addresses.
- Routing protocols: dynamically determine the best paths for data.
- Network segmentation: separates broadcast domains and improves efficiency.
- Security: can implement firewalls, ACLs, and VPN support.
- Traffic management: often includes QoS and load balancing.
In practical workflows, routers direct traffic between home networks, corporate LANs, and the Internet, ensuring that data packets take the fastest and most reliable route while maintaining security policies and network efficiency.
Conceptually, a Router is like a city traffic control center, directing cars (data packets) along the fastest routes to reach their destinations without collisions or jams.
Intuition anchor: Router keeps data moving efficiently and securely across complex networks.