/ˈwaɪˌfʌɪ ˈlæn/
noun — "a local network that connects devices wirelessly."
WLAN, short for Wireless Local Area Network, is a network that allows devices such as computers, smartphones, and IoT (IoT) devices to communicate and share resources without physical cables. WLANs use radio waves to transmit data, typically following IEEE 802.11 standards, and provide the flexibility and mobility that wired LANs cannot offer.
Technically, a WLAN consists of access points that broadcast wireless signals, and client devices that connect to these points using wireless adapters. Security mechanisms like WPA3 encryption, authentication, and MAC filtering protect data transmitted over the air. WLANs support various topologies, including infrastructure mode (devices connect through an access point) and ad hoc mode (devices connect directly to each other).
Key characteristics of WLANs include:
- Wireless connectivity: eliminates the need for physical cabling between devices.
- Mobility: allows users to move freely while staying connected.
- Protocol-driven: based on IEEE 802.11 standards, with versions like 802.11n, 802.11ac, and 802.11ax.
- Security features: encryption and authentication protect data integrity and privacy.
- Integration with LAN: often extends or bridges wired LAN networks to wireless devices.
In practical workflows, WLANs enable employees, students, or users in public spaces to access shared resources, connect to the Internet, and interact with applications wirelessly. Network engineers manage channel assignments, signal strength, and security settings to ensure reliable, high-speed connectivity across coverage areas.
Conceptually, a WLAN is like an invisible local highway system, allowing devices to travel and exchange data freely without wires.
Intuition anchor: WLANs provide the freedom and flexibility of mobility while maintaining the speed and functionality of a local network.