/ˈdɔːrə/
n. “The four-step handshake that gets your device an IP address.”
DORA is an acronym that describes the sequence of steps in the DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) process, which allows a device to obtain an IP address and other network configuration parameters automatically. The four steps are: Discover, Offer, Request, and Acknowledge.
Key steps in DORA include:
- Discover: The client broadcasts a message on the network to find available DHCP servers.
- Offer: A DHCP server responds with an available IP address and network configuration options.
- Request: The client requests the offered IP address, signaling its intent to use it.
- Acknowledge: The server confirms the lease and finalizes the assignment, allowing the client to begin using the network.
A simplified visualization of the DORA sequence:
Client <--- Discover ---> Broadcast
Server <--- Offer ---> 192.168.1.25
Client <--- Request ---> 192.168.1.25
Server <--- Acknowledge ---> 192.168.1.25 readyKey characteristics of DORA include:
- Automatic Address Assignment: Ensures devices receive valid IP addresses without manual configuration.
- Lease-Based: Assignments are temporary and can be renewed or changed.
- Foundation of DHCP: DORA defines the core communication protocol between clients and servers.
Conceptually, DORA acts like a quick four-step handshake: the device asks for a room, the network offers one, the device confirms, and the network formally acknowledges — then the device is ready to use the network.
In essence, DORA is the essential handshake that powers DHCP, enabling seamless, automated network configuration for every device that joins an IP network.