Modulation

/ˌmɒd.jʊˈleɪ.ʃən/

“Turning signals into messages, one wave at a time.”

Modulation is the process of embedding information onto a carrier wave by varying one or more of its fundamental properties: amplitude, frequency, or phase. It is the bridge between raw data and physical transmission, allowing digital or analog signals to traverse mediums like radio waves, optical fibers, or electrical circuits.

Quadrature Phase Shift Keying

/ˌkjuː piː ɛs keɪ/

noun … “quadrature phase shift keying.”

QPSK is a digital modulation technique that encodes two bits per symbol by varying the phase of a carrier wave among four discrete states, typically 0°, 90°, 180°, and 270°. By using four phases instead of the two in BPSK, QPSK doubles the data rate for the same bandwidth while maintaining robustness to noise and interference.

Binary Phase Shift Keying

/ˌbiː piː ɛs keɪ/

noun … “binary phase shift keying.”

BPSK is a digital modulation technique that encodes binary data by shifting the phase of a carrier wave between two discrete states. Each state represents one bit … typically a phase of 0 degrees for binary 1 and 180 degrees for binary 0. Because only two phases are used, BPSK is conceptually simple, mathematically elegant, and exceptionally robust in noisy environments.

CK

/siːˈkeɪ/

n. "Differential DDR clock pair CK/CK# synchronizing command/address at every rising edge unlike source-synchronous DQS."

DQS

/ˌdiː kjuː ˈɛs/

n. "DDR memory strobe signal capturing DQ data on both clock edges via source-synchronous timing unlike common system CLK."

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